THE PHRASE AND THE CLAUSE

THE PHRASE AND THE CLAUSE

6. Examine the group of words “in a corner”. It makes sense, but not complete sense. Such a group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense, is called a Phrase.

 In the following sentences, the groups of words in italics are Phrases:

  The sun rises in the east.

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.

There came a giant to my door.

It was a sunset of great beauty.

The tops of the mountains were covered with snow.

Show me how to do it.

7. Examine the groups of words in italics in the following sentences:

He has a chain of gold.

He has a chain which is made of gold.

We recognize the first group of words a Phrase.

The second group of words, unlike the Phrase of gold, contains a Subject (which) and a Predicate( is made of gold).

Such a group of words which from part of a sentence, and contains a Subject and a Predicate is called a Clause.

 In the following sentences, the groups of words in italics are Clauses:

 People who pay their debts are trusted.

We cannot start while it is raining.

I think that you have made a mistake.

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR-1

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR-1

  In the following  sentences separate the Subject and the Predicate:

1. The cackling of geese saved Rome.

2.The boy stood on the burning  deck.

3. Tubai Cainwas a man of might.

4. Stone walls do not make a prison.

5. The singing of the birds delights us.

6.Miss Kitty was rude at the table one day.

7. He has a good memory.

8. Bad habits grow unconsciously.

9. The earth revolves round the sun.

10. Nature is the best physician.

11.Edison invented the photography.

12. The sea hath many thousand sands.

13. We cannot pump the ocean dry.

14. We cannot garments never fit well.

15. the early bird catches the worm.

16. All matter is indestructible.

17. Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan.

18.We should profit by experience .

19. All roads lead to Rome.

20. A guilty conscience needs no excuse.

21. The beautiful rainbow soon faded away.

22. No man can serve two masters.

23. A sick room should be well aired.

24. The dewdrops glitter in the sunshine.

25. I shot an arrow into the air.

26. A barking sound the shepherd hears.

27.On the top of the hill lives a hermit.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

CHAPTER 2

3. When we make a sentence

(1) we name some person or thing; and

(2) We name something about that person or thing.

 In other words, we must have as subject to speak about and we must say or predicate something about that subject.

Hence every sentence has two parts-

(1) The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about .this is called the Subject of the sentence.

(2) The   part which tells something about the Subject.

This is called the Predicate of the sentence.

4. The Subject  of a sentence usually comes first, but occasionally it is put after the Predicate; as,

 Here comes the bus.

Sweet are the uses of adversity.

5. In Imperative sentences the Subject is left out; as,

Sit down. [Here the Subject You is understood].

Thank him. [Here too the Subject You is understood.]

THE SENTENCE

THE SENTENCE

CHAPTER 1

1. When we speak or write we use words. We generally use these words in groups; as, Little Jack Horner sat in a corner.

A group of words like this, which makes complete sense, is called a Sentence.

Kinds of Sentences

2. Sentences are of four kinds:

(1) Those which make statements or assertions; as,

 (2) Those which as questions; as

Where do you live?

(3) Those which express commands, requests, or entreaties; as,

Be quiet.

Have mercy upon us.

(4) Those which express strong feelings; as,

How could the nights !

 A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a Declarative or Assertive  sentence.

A sentence that asks question is called an Interrogative sentence.

A sentence that expresses a command or an entreaty is called an Imperative sentence.

A sentence that expresses strong feeling is called an Exclamatory sentence.

ANNIVERSARIES AND THEIR NAMES

ANNIVERSARIES

• One (1) year – Cotton Jubilee
• Two (2) years – Paper Jubilee
• Three (3) years – Leather Jubilee
• Four (4) years – Flower/Fruit Jubilee
• Five (5) years – Wooden Jubilee
• Six (6) years – Iron Jubilee
• Seven (7) years – Wool
• Eight (8) years – Bronze Jubilee
• Nine (9) years – Copper Jubilee
• Ten (10) years – Tin/Aluminium Jubilee
• Eleven (11) years – Steel Jubilee
• Twelve (12) years – Silk and Fine Linen Jubilee
• Thirteen (13) years – Lace Jubilee
• Fourteen (14) years – Ivory Jubilee