Already - still - always - yet

ALREADY

• Already is used to say that something has happened earlier than expected or
  earlier than it might have happened. :
  • Hurry up Susan. Breakfast is ready!
  • I've already had breakfast thanks. I woke up early.

STILL

• Still is used to refer to continuing situations.
  • They've been married for 40 years and they still love each other.
  • I moved to this town five years ago and I'm still living here.

ALWAYS

• Always is used to refer to something that happens regularly.
  • I always send cards at Christmas.
  • Sue always takes the 8 o'clock train to work.

YET

• Yet is used to ask if something expected has happened
  • Has the postman arrived yet?
• To say that something expected hasn't happened.
  • The book I ordered hasn't arrived yet.

A LOT OF - MUCH - MANY

• A lot of :
  
  
  • A lot of can be used in all sentences: affirmative, negative and interrogative.

• Much - many : 
  
  
  • Much and many are used in negative and interrogative sentences.
        They are rarely used in affirmative sentences, except if they begin
        the sentence . (see below)
  • Much is used with uncountable nouns (for example: 'much English')
  • Many is used with countable nouns (for example : 'many words').

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
We learn a lot of English.	I don't know a lot of English.	Do you learn a lot of English?
I make a lot of mistakes.	I don't know much English.	Do you know much English?
BUT :
Much of our food is exported.	I don't know a lot of words.	Do you make a lot of mistakes?
Many people drive too fast.	I don't know many words.	Do you make many mistakes?

---

Compare a lot of and a lot :

• Tom knows a lot of vocabulary.
• Charlie is talkative. He talks a lot.

AFFECT - EFFECT

Many people are confused about the difference between affect and effect.
Before going any further, remember that “affect” is almost always a verb, 
whereas “effect” is more commonly used as a noun.

Affect and effect are used as follows : 

• AFFECT :
  Affect is most often used as a verb meaning ‘to have an impact’, ‘to change’ or 'to alter'.
  
  • Nutrition affects our health.
  • His attitude affected the atmosphere in the office.
  • Severe flooding affected many regions.
  • The snow storm affected air traffic.
  • Public protests did not affect the government's decision.
  Affect also has another, less-used, meaning: ‘to put on a false show of’ or 'to pretend':
  • She affected indifference although she was very upset.
    (= she pretended that she did not care)

• EFFECT :
  Effect is most often used as a noun meaning ‘a result’, ‘a consequence’ or ‘an influence’.
  The expression ‘have an effect on’ is often used.
  
  • His words produced the desired effect.
  • Her warning had no effect on the children.
  • The effect on the economy was disastrous.
  • The medication will not have an immediate effect.
  • Music often has a soothing effect on people.
  Effect can also be used as a verb meaning ‘to bring about’, ‘to make something happen'
  or 'to put into operation'.  The use of effect as a verb is usually found in formal contexts.
  • The firm effected the transition to computerized accounting last month.
  • The bank was requested to effect the transfer of funds immediately.
  Effects [plural] can also mean 'personal property or possessions'.
  •  Personal effects should be packed separately.

In most everyday contexts it is safe to remember that 'to affect' =  'to have an effect on'.
Affect is related to action whereas effect is related to consequence or result.

Adverbs of Frequency

Frequency Adverbs

• Adverbs such as always, already, ever, never, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes,
  still, usually, are placed as follows in sentences :
  
  
  • after the verb BE :
    • Charlie is always late.
  • before other verbs :
    • Tom sometimes takes the bus.
  • between two verbs :
    or after the first verb if there are more than two :
    • Julie has never travelled on the Eurostar.
    • I would never have thought that.
  • Except if the second verb is an infinitive :
    • Charlie often needs to ask for directions.

Frequency Phrases 

• Frequency phrases such as every day, once in a while, etc. go at the beginning 
  or at the end of sentences.
  
  
  • I wash my hair every day.
  • Once a month I go to the hairdresser's to have it cut.

Adverbs

Adverbs are used to say how or in what manner we do something. • She danced very gracefully. • The children ran up the stairs noisily. • They were all chatting happily when we arrived. • He drove carefully along the icy road. • The technician explained the problem very clearly.
Formation of adverbs	Adjective	Adverb
Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjective :	slow careful	slowly carefully
For adjectives ending in -y, -e, -ic, the adverbs are formed as follows :	happy humble historic	happily humbly historically
Exceptions :	good hard fast	well hard fast
N.B.  Although they end in -ly, the following words are adjectives, NOT adverbs : friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly  for example : a friendly person, a silly remark, an ugly duckling, and so on ...