Verbs Part 2

Dynamic and Stative Verbs  

This category of verbs deals with the verb words themselves; and whether they indicate an action or a state of the subject. This category is not concerned with the object in particular.

Dynamic Verbs 

These verbs denote an actual action or expression or process done by the subject. They mean an action which can be seen or physically felt or the result of which is seen or physically felt by the object or an indirect object.

She buys new clothes every week.

Here the verb is buys which is an action done by the subject ‘she’, hence it is a dynamic verb.

He is swimming at the beach. 

Here again we have the definite action swimming done by the subject ‘he’, making ‘swimming’ a dynamic verb in this sentence.

Stative Verbs

Verbs Part 1

Verbs are the most important component of any sentence.  These words talk about the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means  that verbs show what the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject.

For example:

He ran to the store. - Here the verb ran describes the action of the subject ‘he’ 

She is a creative person. - Here there is no action being done. Instead the auxiliary verb ‘is’ shows the state of the subject ‘she’ as being ‘creative’. 

There are different types and classifications of Verbs; some of the most important ones are listed below: 

Action Verbs   

Future Tense - Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WILL HAVE BEEN	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will have been	watching	television for four hours when you come home.
You	will have been	watching	television for four hours when you come home.
He	will have been	watching	television for four hours when you come home.
Mohan	will have been	watching	television for four hours when you come home.

FUTURE TENSES

The Simple Future tense is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WILL	VERB	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will	read	the story book tomorrow.
You	will	read	the story book tomorrow.
He	will	read	the story book tomorrow.
Mohan	will	read	the story book tomorrow.

FUTURE TENSES - NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WILL NOT	VERB	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will not	play	football next week.
You	will not	play	football next week.
He	will not	play	football next week.
Mohan	will not	play	football next week.
The boy	will not	play	football next week.
She	will not	play	football next week.
Pooja	will not	play	football next week.

FUTURE TENSES - Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect tense expresses an action that will occur in the future before another action or time in the future.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WILL  HAVE	VERB  (past participle)	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will have	eaten	by half past nine.
You	will have	eaten	by half past nine.
He	will have	eaten	by half past nine.
Mohan	will have	eaten	by half past nine.
The boy	will have	eaten	by half past nine.

FUTURE TENSES - Future Continuous Tense

The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WILL BE	VERB  + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
You	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
He	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
Mohan	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
The boy	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
She	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
Pooja	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
The girl	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
We	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
You	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
They	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
The children	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.

Notice that we use ‘will be’ and the verb + ing for all subjects.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

The Past Perfect Continuous tense is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	HAD BEEN	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	had been	standing	at the bus stop for thirty minutes.
You	had been	standing	at the bus stop for thirty minutes.
He	had been	standing	at the bus stop for thirty minutes.
Mohan	had been	standing	at the bus stop for thirty minutes.
The boy	had been	standing	at the bus stop for thirty minutes.

Future Tense - Future Perfect Continuous Tense Part 1

INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS / QUESTIONS

WILL	SUBJECT	HAVE BEEN	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
Will	I	have been	playing	cricket for more than two hours when it gets dark?
Will	you	have been	playing	cricket for more than two hours when it gets dark?
Will	he	have been	playing	cricket for more than two hours when it gets dark?
Will	Mohan	have been	playing	cricket for more than two hours when it gets dark?

Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect tense is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	HAD	VERB (past participle)	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	had	finished	the work.
You	had	finished	the work.
He	had	finished	the work.

Past Continuous Tense

In the Past Continuous tense, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.This tense is used to talk about an action at a particular time in the past.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	WAS / WERE	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	was	sleeping	at 11 p.m. last night.
You	were	sleeping	at 11 p.m. last night.
He	was	sleeping	at 11 p.m. last night.

Past Tense - Simple Past Tense

In the Simple Past tense, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past. The action started and ended sometime in the past but the time may or may not be mentioned.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	VERB (in past form)	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	played	cricket yesterday.
You	played	cricket yesterday.
He	played	cricket yesterday.

Tenses Part III - Present Perfect Tense

In the Present Perfect tense, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect. The exact time when the action happened is not important and hence, it is not mentioned in this tense.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	HAVE / HAS	VERB (past participle)	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	have	seen	this movie.
You	have	seen	this movie.
He	has	seen	this movie.
Mohan	has	seen	this movie.
The boy	has	seen	this movie.

Tenses Part II - Present Continuous Tense Tweet

In the Present Continuous tense, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous. The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening at this current moment.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	AM / ARE / IS	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	am	watching	television.
You	are	watching	television.
He	is	watching	television.
Mohan	is	watching	television
The boy	is	watching	television.
She	is	watching	television.
Pooja	is	watching	television.