The Cherry Tree
When George Washington was about six years old, he was presented with a small axe. Like most little boys, he was extremely fond of it. He went about cutting everything that came his way.
One day, as he was wandering about the garden, he happened to find a beautiful, young cherry tree. His father had planted this tree. Naturally he was very fond of it. George tried the edge of hisaxe on the bark of the tree. Ultimately the cherry died. Sometime after this, his father found out what had happened to his favourite tree. He came home in great anger and wanted to know who the guilty person was. But nobody could tell him anything about it. Just then George, with his little axe came into the room.
“George,” said his father, “do you know who killed my beautiful little cherry, yonder in the garden?”
This was a difficult question for George to answer. He was silent for a moment. But quickly recovering himself, he answered,
“I don’t want to hide the fact from you father. Sorry, I was the one who cut it with my new axe.”
The anger subsided. Taking the boy lovingly in his arms, George’s father said, “My son, you should not be afraid to tell the truth. Telling a lie is as sinful as cutting a 100 trees.”
E. Study Skills
One would get the following grammatical information if he refers to a standard dictionary.
1. the part of speech of a word
(whether it is a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.)
2. If it is a noun whether it is countable [c] or uncountable [u]
3. If it is a verb, whether it is transitive [vt] or intransitive [vi]
4. The derivatives if any
Task: Write the dictionary entries for the following words. modern, oasis, provide, sleep, medicine, grow
F. Grammar
Look at the following sentences.
1. Trees/ preserve/ the soil.
S V O
2. The neem trees / are grown/ in villages and towns.
S V A
3. We/ have planted/ neem saplings/ in our school campus.
S V O A
4. Trees / give / us / shade.
S V IO DO
5. The villagers / call / the neem tree / their village pharmacy.
S V O C
6. The neem trees / are / useful / in many ways.
S V C A
Note: A sentence is a group of words arranged in a specific order which makes complete sense. It comprises smaller units called elements. They are: Subject (S), Verb (V), Complement (C), Object (O) and Adjunct (A).
Subject : It denotes the person or thing about which something is said. It can be a noun, a pronoun, an infinitive, a gerund, a noun phrase or clause.
Verb : Write, read... are called transitive verbs. Trasitive verbs have objects. Sleep, come, go, become.... are called intransitive verbs. They have no objects. If the transitive verbs have two objects (answer to what and to whom) they are called ditransitive verbs.
Object : The object that answers the question ‘what’ is the DO. The object that answers the question ‘to whom’ is IO.
Complement : It completes the predicate of a sentence. It is an essential part. The subject complement describes or characterises the subject. The object complement describes or characterises the object.
Adjunct : It gives additional meaning. It answers to the question how (manner), when (time), where (place) etc.
Task 1 : Read the following anecdote. Identify the sentence patterns. Circle the number corresponding to the correct pattern of the sentence. The first one is done for you.
1. S V
2. S V O
3. S V A
4. S V O A
5. S V O A A
6. S V IO DO
7. S V A A
A penguin joke
1. A man and his wife were walking along a street. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. They came across a penguin. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3. They were surprised. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4. They thought for a while. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5. They took it to the police station. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. The policeman asked them to take it to the zoo. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7. The policeman was walking down the same street the next day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. He saw the couple again. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9. He saw the penguin in their hands. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10. They gave him the explanation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11. “We took her to the zoo yesterday.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12. “We take her to the Golden beach now.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Task 2: Make sentences of your own using the sentence patterns SVC, SVO, SVA, SVOA, SVCA. Use the given picture to make sentences.
When George Washington was about six years old, he was presented with a small axe. Like most little boys, he was extremely fond of it. He went about cutting everything that came his way.
One day, as he was wandering about the garden, he happened to find a beautiful, young cherry tree. His father had planted this tree. Naturally he was very fond of it. George tried the edge of hisaxe on the bark of the tree. Ultimately the cherry died. Sometime after this, his father found out what had happened to his favourite tree. He came home in great anger and wanted to know who the guilty person was. But nobody could tell him anything about it. Just then George, with his little axe came into the room.
“George,” said his father, “do you know who killed my beautiful little cherry, yonder in the garden?”
This was a difficult question for George to answer. He was silent for a moment. But quickly recovering himself, he answered,
“I don’t want to hide the fact from you father. Sorry, I was the one who cut it with my new axe.”
The anger subsided. Taking the boy lovingly in his arms, George’s father said, “My son, you should not be afraid to tell the truth. Telling a lie is as sinful as cutting a 100 trees.”
E. Study Skills
One would get the following grammatical information if he refers to a standard dictionary.
1. the part of speech of a word
(whether it is a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.)
2. If it is a noun whether it is countable [c] or uncountable [u]
3. If it is a verb, whether it is transitive [vt] or intransitive [vi]
4. The derivatives if any
Task: Write the dictionary entries for the following words. modern, oasis, provide, sleep, medicine, grow
F. Grammar
Look at the following sentences.
1. Trees/ preserve/ the soil.
S V O
2. The neem trees / are grown/ in villages and towns.
S V A
3. We/ have planted/ neem saplings/ in our school campus.
S V O A
4. Trees / give / us / shade.
S V IO DO
5. The villagers / call / the neem tree / their village pharmacy.
S V O C
6. The neem trees / are / useful / in many ways.
S V C A
Note: A sentence is a group of words arranged in a specific order which makes complete sense. It comprises smaller units called elements. They are: Subject (S), Verb (V), Complement (C), Object (O) and Adjunct (A).
Subject : It denotes the person or thing about which something is said. It can be a noun, a pronoun, an infinitive, a gerund, a noun phrase or clause.
Verb : Write, read... are called transitive verbs. Trasitive verbs have objects. Sleep, come, go, become.... are called intransitive verbs. They have no objects. If the transitive verbs have two objects (answer to what and to whom) they are called ditransitive verbs.
Object : The object that answers the question ‘what’ is the DO. The object that answers the question ‘to whom’ is IO.
Complement : It completes the predicate of a sentence. It is an essential part. The subject complement describes or characterises the subject. The object complement describes or characterises the object.
Adjunct : It gives additional meaning. It answers to the question how (manner), when (time), where (place) etc.
Task 1 : Read the following anecdote. Identify the sentence patterns. Circle the number corresponding to the correct pattern of the sentence. The first one is done for you.
1. S V
2. S V O
3. S V A
4. S V O A
5. S V O A A
6. S V IO DO
7. S V A A
A penguin joke
1. A man and his wife were walking along a street. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. They came across a penguin. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3. They were surprised. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4. They thought for a while. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5. They took it to the police station. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. The policeman asked them to take it to the zoo. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7. The policeman was walking down the same street the next day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. He saw the couple again. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9. He saw the penguin in their hands. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10. They gave him the explanation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11. “We took her to the zoo yesterday.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12. “We take her to the Golden beach now.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Task 2: Make sentences of your own using the sentence patterns SVC, SVO, SVA, SVOA, SVCA. Use the given picture to make sentences.
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